Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

	Norfolk Island (2005)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry	-
Airports	1 (2004 est.)	none (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island.
Birth rate	NA	-
Budget	revenues: $20 million expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)	-
Capital	Kingston	-
Climate	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Coastline	32 km	NA km
Constitution	Norfolk Island Act of 1979	adopted 3 October 1985
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Death rate	NA	-
Debt - external	NA	-
Dependency status	territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands occupied briefly by Argentina in 1982; islands continue to be claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	NA	-
Economy - overview	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - production	NA kWh	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians	-
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%	-
Exports	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00)	-
Exports - commodities	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados	-
Exports - partners	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band	the flag of the UK is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - NA	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA	-
Geographic coordinates	29 02 S, 167 57 E	54 30 S, 37 00 W
Geography - note	most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 21st century, live on South Georgia
Highways	total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Imports	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)	-
Imports - commodities	NA	-
Imports - partners	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe	-
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Industries	tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete	-
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA	-
International organization participation	UPU	-
Irrigated land	NA	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions	-
Labor force	1,345	-
Labor force - by occupation	tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10%	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian	-
Legal system	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Literacy	NA	-
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Map references	Oceania	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)	-
Natural hazards	typhoons (especially May to July)	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Natural resources	fish	fish
Net migration rate	NA	-
Political parties and leaders	none	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	-
Population	1,828 (July 2005 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	-
Population growth rate	-0.01% (2005 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade	Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)	0 (2003)
Religions	Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census)	-
Sex ratio	NA	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Telephones - main lines in use	2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005)	0 (2003)
Terrain	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Total fertility rate	NA	-
Unemployment rate	0%	-
Waterways	-	none

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